高考名词复习讲义.doc

名词的数:Negro, hero, tomato, potato + es 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 （1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。boy — boys, pen — pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass — glasses,box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。 特例：stomach — stomaches。 ③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如： baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。 ④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。 ⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife — wives, life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。特例：handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff — cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, ox — oxen。特例：child — children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair — armchairs, bookcase — bookcases, bookstore — book- stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women dri- vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law — brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero — zeros 、zeroes, deer — deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。 总是表示复数意义的名词：people, police, cattle People aren’t used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger. 单复数同形的名词：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, works（工厂）,cattle。 All possible means have been tried. Every possible means has been tried. 合成名词的复数 A.把主体名词变成复数，如：lookers-on, editors-in-chief, fathers-in-law B. 没有主体名词时，在词尾加-s ,如：grown-ups, go-betweens 高考中常见的不可数名词：advice, air, information, fun, music, furniture, luggage, behavior, bread, butter, equipment, dust, housework, honest, news, paper, knowledge, sugar, progress, traffic, weather, work. 常见的只能用复数的名 .成双成对的名词：jeans, headphones, pants, sunglasses, scissors,：glasses眼镜，campasses圆规 其他类单词clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, sur