高考非谓语动词讲解综合版.doc

非谓语动词经典用法讲解 命题规律 1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。 2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。 命题趋势 不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 解题思路 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）； 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）； 有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。 分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard the English song sung many times. 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成) 2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。 leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。） leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多） leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。） 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如： I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that. Don’t have the water running all the t