(限定性定语从句 利弊作文).doc

限制性定语从句 （一定语从句的基本知识 作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后，这种名词(或代词)被称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词或关系副词。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，在意义上与先行词密不可分。 1．关系代词 关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 表语 who √ √ √ √ whom √ √ which √ √ √ √ √ √ that √ √ √ √ √ whose √ √ √ The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who在从句中作主语) The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人叫史密斯。(who在从句中作宾语，亦可省略) I know the man whom you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。(whom在从句中作宾语) A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. 用铅笔写的信很难读。(that在从句中作主语，指物) Is he the man that sells eggs? 他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(that在从句中作主语，指人) This is the book which has been translated into many languages. 这就是那本被翻译成多种语言的书。(which在从句中作主语) [考题印证1] (2011·新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B.which C.whose D.what 解析： 　考查定语从句。先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语 story 之间为所属关系，因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。 选C (1)用that而不用 which的情况 ①先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定代词时。 I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个。 ②先行词被形容词最高级或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。 It is the most important task that should be finished soon.这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。 ③先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。 Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me. 瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。 ④先行词中既有人又有物时。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ⑤先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Its a book that will help you a lot. 这是本对你很有帮助的书。 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 我的故乡现在已不再是过去的那个面貌了。 [考题印证2] 　(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something________was someone elses fault. A．who　　　　　　　　　 B．that C．as D．what 解析： 　考查定语从句。that was someone else‘s fault是定语从句，修饰先行词 something, that在从句中作主语。 选B (2)as引导限制性定语从句，as可在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，常用于the same ...as, such ...as和so ...as结构中。 Such English as is spoken here is not British. 像在这儿说的英语并不是英式英语。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并