浅谈独立主格结构形式及功能.doc

浅谈独立主格结构形式及功能独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整 个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词 一、独立主格结构的表现形式（注：此处所指的主动、被动指独立主格结构部分的主语部分与动词部分） 1、名词/代名词+过去分词。此结构表示主动意义 Weather permitting, we shall go out for a picnic. 2、名词/代名词+过去分词。此结构表示被动意义 Things done, they went home happily. 3、名词/代名词+动词不定式。此结构表示将来意义 I decided to buy a car, my wife to pay half the money. 4、名词/代名词+名词 There were 100 participants in the competition, the oldest a man of 90. 5、名词/代名词+形容词。表示主动进行意义 The old man sat in the sofa, his face pale with danger. 6、名词/代名词+副词。此结构中，副词常做表语使用 Summer holidays over, the students all returned to the school. 7、名词/代名词+介词短语 The teacher stood at the door, book in hand. There being +其他成分，多置于句首，也可放在句尾，being 不可省 There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. 二、独立主格结构的功能 1、表示时间，相当于when 或after 引导的时间状语从句 The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields. =After the moon had risen, they took a wall in the fields. 2、表示原因，相当于because引导的原因状语从句 So many students absent from the class, we decided to put off the activity. =Because so many students were absent from the class. 3、表示条件，相当于if 引导的条件状语从句 All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. =If all things are considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 4、表示伴随状态，或说明一种情况，可用with来写 She sat quietly at the table, her eyes full of tears. =She sat quietly at the table, with her eyes full of tears. 5、表示方式，也可以用并列句来改写 He lay on the soft grass, his hands crossed under his head. =He lay on the soft grass, and his hands were crossed under his head. （作者单位：辽宁省北镇市高中） 1