Different Work Places 不同工作场所Evaluation of - OHLearning.PPT

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则 Day 4 第4天 18 – ERGONOMICS 18 –人体工程学 Common Activities常见活动 manual handling of loads; 人工装卸货物； tasks involving repetitive actions; 重复动作的任务； the use of display screen equipment, such as when working with computers. 使用屏显设备的工作，如电脑。 Some common activities where ergonomics are important are: 在如下活动中，人体工程学很重要： Different Work Places不同工作场所 Evaluation of Ergonomics Factors in the Workplace工作场所人体工程因素的评估 It should address: 应包括： Hardware 硬件 Software 软件 Visual workspace 视觉空间 Organisation 组织 Physical workspace 实际工作区 Individual characteristics 个体特征 Manual Handling Assessment人工搬运风险评估 It should address four critical factors: 应涉及如下四大关键因素 The task 1. 任务 2. The load 2. 负荷 3. The working environment 3. 工作环境 4. The capabilities of the individual. 4. 个人能力 THE BACK 背部 脊柱 胸椎 颈椎 腰椎 骶骨 尾椎 颈弯曲 腰弯曲 胸弯曲 骶弯曲 Simple Assessment Procedure简易评估程序 Is the operation essential? Can it be avoided? 此操作必不可少嘛？能避免吗？ Consider the shape, size, weight and special difficulties of a load. 考虑负荷的形状、大小、重量和特定难点。 How is it handled? 如何搬运？ Where is it moved from and to and how often? Repetitive bending, twisting movements increase the risk, as does lifting with extended reach. 搬运起点和终点在什么地方？搬运频率是多少？重复弯腰、扭身、和向上伸展提举会增加风险。 Does the working environment add to the risk of injury? 工作环境是否会增加受伤风险？ Are floors slippery, uneven? 地板是否湿滑，不平？ Is the environment cramped, hot or badly lit? 操作空间是否狭小局促、太热或光线不佳？ Are the task and the workplace adapted to the individual? At its simplest this may simply involve considering working heights of benches, tables, stillage sizes and so on. 员工适合担任该任务，适合在该场所工作吗？最简单的测试方法就是考虑凳子和桌子的高度，以及 釜馏物的大小等。 Consider possible remedial measures, eg. it may be possible to use mechanical aids or breakdown the load, or the task may be re?arranged. 考虑可行的补救措施，例如，可使用机械来辅助操作、分解负荷、重新安排任务。 Information and Instruction信息和指令 Where it is reasonably practicable to do so, employees involved in manual handling operations should be provided w