电梯结构及原理教案-1 曳引式电梯.doc

1 曳引式电梯 Traction lift 电梯是一种机电结合紧密地用电力拖动的特殊升降设备，是一种现代生活中必不可少的，广泛应用的垂直交通运输工具，在现代城市文明中，电梯不但已成为高层建筑不可缺少的垂直运输设备，也将成为低层建筑中的代步工具。 在垂直交通运输工具中曳引式电梯是使用最普遍的一种电梯。因此，本文以介绍曳引式电梯为主。 Being a special system moving upwards and downwards by combining mechanics and electrics, lift has played an indispensable role in our modern life by serving as widely-used vehicle that runs vertically; it is not only an important vertical vehicle for high-rise buildings, but for low-rising buildings. As a vertical vehicle, traction lift is the most commonly used lift; therefore, the following description will be based on traction lift. 电梯的基本结构 Lift basic structure1-1-1 曳引系统 Traction system曳引系统主要由曳引机、曳引钢丝绳、导向轮及反绳轮等组成。 Traction system is composed of traction machine, traction rope, diverter pulley and counterweight sheave.1-1-1-1曳引机有驱动电动机、制动器、减速箱、机座、曳引轮等组成它是电梯的动力源。 驱动电动机为电梯专用交流电机或直流电机。 As the power provider, traction machine is composed of drive motor, brake, geared machine, machine base and traction sheave. Drive motor is AC or DC motor for lift. 制动器通常采用双瓦块常闭式电磁制动器。电梯停止或电源断电情况下制动抱闸，以保证电梯不致移动。 Usually adopted is double lined normally closed magnetic brake. Brake is activated to prevent lift from moving in case of lift stop or power failure. 减速机大多选用蜗轮蜗杆减速机，也有行星齿轮、斜齿轮减速机。无齿轮电梯不需减速机。 曳引轮即为曳引机上的绳轮，两端借助曳引钢丝绳分别悬挂轿厢和对重。 Usually adopted is worm geared machine, besides, star gear and slanting geared machine are also available. Gearless lift needs no geared machine. Traction sheave is a sheave on traction machine, on both sides of which can suspend car and counterweight by means of traction rope. 1-1-1-2 曳引钢丝绳的两端分别连接轿厢和对重（或两端固定在机房上），依靠钢丝绳与曳引轮绳槽之间的静摩擦力来实现电梯轿厢的升降。 Both sides of the traction rope are connected with car and counterweight (or both sides are attached to the machine room). Car is moved upwards or downwards by means of static friction between traction rope and rope groove. 1-1-1-3导向轮又称抗绳轮，因电梯轿厢尺寸一般都比较大，轿厢悬挂中心和对重悬挂中心间的距离往往大于设计上所允许的曳引轮直径，因此对一般电梯而言需要设置导向轮，以保证两股向下的曳引钢丝绳之间的距离等于或接近轿厢悬挂中心和对重悬挂中心之间的距离，以分