托福听力历史类文章关键.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力历史类文章关键 摘要： 托福听力大部分的话题后面都能加上历史这个词。比如：Geocentric 这篇文章和天文相关，但是讲得是天文学发展史上人们的一个观点;比如，Art这个话题，音乐、文学、雕塑、绘画、舞蹈、话剧等等都有各自的历史，类似的例子不胜枚举。 历史类相关的话题不单是阅读会考，在听力考试中也常出现，可以说 托福 听力中很多话题都涉及历史，但是所有这些话题都离不开下面的几个要素。 历史类文章关键要素一：主题关键词，总是会出现和发展、起源或者历史相关的词汇(e.g development, change, origin, historical) 【Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n roll? Student: The electric Guitar? Professor: Exactly. I think its fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.】 注意到文章开头做了两件事情：一. 提出话题“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了历史类文章要素, 教授说到电吉他是一个“the result of a continuing development” 而且人们很早之前就开始“ modify acoustic guitar”，自然而然我们就能推测文章是要讲电吉他是如何发展起来的。 历史类文章关键要素二：影响，其中包括话题的发展;发展过程中所受到的影响;其所产生的影响;具体的影响是什么，怎么影响的。 2.【The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK? But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.】 很明显的，教授接下来就开始讲到吉他的发展过程，第一种吉他，wooden aka spanish guitar;接着steel guitar;lap guitar;然后有了electric guitar。而且重点说到“ 很多的发明者和音乐家对这种乐器的设计做出了贡献，而且每次的修改的目的就是为了改变电吉他的声音，也就是要素中提到的对话题的影响。 随后，教授继续细致的按照一定的顺序谈到了人们对于电吉他的修改有哪些方面， 3.【So lets get back to when the steel guitar was first introduced in the United States. It was right after the Spanish-American war in the late 1890s. US sailors