有机化学结构与功能5th答案sg_ch24.pdfVIP

1559T_ch24_423-438 10/20/05 4:54 AM Page 423 24 Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature In this chapter you’ll begin to apply the material you’ve just seen to a major class of “real world” molecules, carbohydrates (sugars). For a change, nomenclature will play a more central role: The names of sugars and sugar derivatives follow their own independent system, which includes some special stereochemical terms. On the other hand, most of the reactions are old ones and are needed for only a limited number of purposes such as structure determination, interconversion of derivatives, and synthesis of one sugar from another. You need to be good at deductive reasoning so that you can solve the puzzles posed by some of the problems. If you can, then this chapter should not be too hard for you. Outline of the Chapter 24-1, 24-2, 24-3 Names and Structures of Carbohydrates Be prepared for a lot of new terminology. 24-4 through 24-8 Polyfunctional Chemistry of Sugars The basics: mostly (but not entirely) review material. 24-9, 24-10 Step-by-Step Buildup and Degradation of Sugars Application in synthesis and structure determination. 24-11, 24-12 Complex Sugars in Nature Keys to the Chapter 24-1. Names and Structures of Carbohydrates The naming system presented in this section comes from an assortment of historically derived common names organized into a semiofficial framework that is universally used. So, sugars are all ketones or aldehydes con- taining alcohol gro