英美国家历史一览介绍.ppt

Significant Events in the Middle Ages England King John and the Magna Carta / the Great Charter（大宪章） Henry II (died in 1189) John succeeded to the throne after Richard I’s death in 1199 Richard I the king after Henry II died in 1189 background information about the Great Charter John was defeated in a war with France and lost large area of land such as Normandy, Anjou etc. in 1204, which got the nickname “King of Lackland” John demanded more feudal taxes and army services to recover his power on France Significant Events in the Middle Ages England King John and the Magna Carta / the Great Charter（大宪章） Magna Carta (the Great Charter) a long document that lords forced King John to sign on June 17th, 1215 so as to restrict the power of the king essence of the Great Charter a feudal document in interests of feudal lords foundation of the democratic parliament in England Significant Events in the Middle Ages England The Hundred Years’ War (1337 ——1453) 百年战争 a series of medieval Anglo-French wars for more than 100 years feudal and trade war The war ended in the victory of France in 1453. England lost all the territories in France except Calais.（加来） Edward III Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Black Death (1348 —— 1350) Tyler’s Uprising (1381) the establishment of the House of Lancaster（兰开斯特王朝） by Henry IV (1399) English kings during the Hundred Years’ War significant events during the Hundred Years’ War Black Death（黑死病） Black Death is the deadly plague, most probably bubonic（淋巴腺鼠疫） which killed large numbers of people in Asia and Europe in the 14th century. This happened in England during the Hundred Years’ War. 40% population died and there was a shortage of labor, even schools closed down during the time. Tyler’s Uprising（泰勒起义） a farmer uprising led by Walt Tyler（沃特. 泰勒） It failed but shook the foundation of the feudalism and speed the end of the feudalism in Britain. * * * * * * II. History of the UK The Beginnings of the UK Middle Ages England 16th 17th