Linux快速上手指南LinuxGettingStarted.pptx

Linux Getting Started @angusli Agenda What’s Linux Know the environment Basic File System operation File System structure Basic utilities Remote access and network operation Know the permissions Process and job management More utilities for daily operation Basic system administration Commonly used shortcuts Next step What’s Linux Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. The kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under the GNU General Public License and its source code is freely available to everyone. ... The current full-featured version is 2.6 (released December 2003) and development continues. What’s Linux (cont.) Top 10 Distributions Ubuntu Fedora openSUSE Debian GNU/Linux Mandriva Linux Linux Mint PCLinuxOS Slackware Linux Gentoo Linux CentOS FreeBSD(honourable mention) /dwres.php?resource=major Know the environment whoami/id: identify current user who/users: see the logged in users pwd: print working directory passwd: change login password history: view the bash command history uptime: check the system uptime and avg. load uname: view distribution, kernel version date: current system date and time echo $SHELL: what bash is used Basic File System operation ls: list files; -a, -l, -h, -t, -r cd: change directory touch: create empty file, or update mtime mkdir: make directory; -p mv: move things cp: copy things; -r rm: remove things; -r df/du: check disk free space, disk usage; -h File System structure Path Contents /bin Standard programs /boot Files needed at startup /dev Devices (dont go there) /etc Most configuration /home All home directories (you can only access yours) /lib;