氢的成本核算.pdf

PLANT UTILITIES Hydrogen—what are the costs? HPI operating facilities have many choices on how to meet their rising demand for H2; here are several options R. E. Stoll and F. von Linde, Caloric Anlagenbau GmbH, Graefelfing, Germany ydrogen is a commonly found element. For many petrochemical/chemical products, it is Hconsumed as a process reactant or fuel. Currently, the global annual hydrogen demand is 3 approximately 50 million tons (550 billion Nm ). Bulk petrochemicals—ammonia and methanol— and processing/refining of gasoline consume nearly two thirds of the annual hydrogen demand. These facilities typically have hydrogen requirements up to 3 250,000 Nm /h. The remaining hydrogen demand is directed to many different process industries inclu- ding: fats and oils processing, chemicals, pharmaceu- ticals, metallurgy, semiconductor production and Fig. 1. Simplified process flow sheet for electrolysis. aerospace industries. average efficiency in generation and distribution of elec- Growing demand. The hydrocarbon processing indus- tric power from natural gas, the primary energy equi- tries (HPI) are expanding their demand for hydrogen. valent is approximately 1.3 Nm3 methane per 1 Nm3 H . 2 Operating facilities can either buy hydrogen (H ) or Oxygen is a byproduct of electrolytic dissociation of water; 2 produce it. When manufacturing hydrogen for indi- with half the volume of H2 oxygen is gained at the anode. vidual needs, several significant processes can produce