第3讲 名词和冠词.ppt

一、分类 (Classification) 二、数(Number) A: Singular number (单数) B: Plural number (复数) (9)名词只能用复数形式的短语： do exercises （做操） take notes (做笔记） take turns （轮流） make repairs （搞修理） change trains （改换火车） make friends with （交朋友） shake hands with (握手） as follows （如下） in rags （衣衫褴褛） in dozens （成打的） (9) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语： make faces / a face（做鬼脸） Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈） Play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑） Make contributions / a contribution to （为…做贡献） (10)名词单复数意义不同的短语： Have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话） Have words with sb. （与…某人吵架） Make cloth (织布） Make clothes （制衣） 三、名词的格 (Case) A:通格(Common case): 主格 (Subject case) 宾格 (Object case) B:所有格(Possessive case) 2. of～属格： 多用于无生命现象的名词， 也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用of～短语来表示所有关系。 如：the cover of the book; a toy of Li Ping’s younger brother 3．双重属格： 既有～’s的属格，又有of～的属格。通常～’s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:a friend of my father’s; a book of Tom’s 4.表示“某人自己的”的属格: 用of one’s own表示，不可用of＋反身代词。 例如：This is the house of my own. 冠词 Statistics on cigarette tax show smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. The increase in tax makes many smokers want to quit smoking, though it has different opinions. 掌握以下三点 不定冠词a/an的用法 定冠词the的用法 零冠词的用法 不定冠词 泛指“一个人、东西、” I gave him a book yesterday. A Mr. Smiths wishes to speak to you. 2. 类指(=any) A square has four sides. 3. “每一”(=each,every,per) I went to the library twice a week. 4. 在序数词前，表“又、再” The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 5. 抽象名词具体化 He is a success teacher as a teacher. There was a time when I hated to go to school. 冠词的特殊位置 1、how/that(那么)/so/as/too +adj + a/an+ n; 2、quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n; 例如： 这么重的箱子： so heavy a box=such a heavy box; 这么昂贵的车子： that expensive a car=such an expensive car; He is as good a student as you. She sang quite a beautiful song. 冠词的位置 1. _____ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such