高中英语被动语态资料.ppt

被动语态 1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be/get＋及物动词的过去分词。 用法： (1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态，如 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. 　　 (2) 当强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态，如This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. 【注意】 (1) 带双宾语动词的被动语态，若将间接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，直接宾语则保留不变；若将直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。 (2) 动词make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to；但当它们变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to，如The boss made them work ten hours a day. ?They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss. (3) 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report, suggest, think等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句来表示，如Paper is known to have been first made in China. ?It is known that paper was first made in China. 2. 被动语态的时态： (1)一般现在时 系动词am/is/are ＋ 动词的过去分词。 (2) 一般过去时 系动词was/were ＋ 动词的过去分词，如 The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. ?Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. (3) 一般将来时 will 或be going to ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词，如 These books are going to be posted tomorrow. (4) 现在完成时 助动词have/has ＋ been ＋ 动词的过去分词，如 We haven’t been invited to the party. (5) 现在进行时 be ＋ being ＋ 动词的过去分词，如 The problem is being discussed by the students. (6) 带有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 ＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词，如 Your composition must be handed in tomorrow. 注意: 1.主动形式表被动意义 cut, read, sell, wear, write, cook, lock, wash等表示主语性质功能的动词接状语修饰语时，如 These novels won’t sell well. (2) want / require / need doing中的doing(也可用to be done)用主动形式表被动意义，如 The house requires cleaning at once. 跟踪演练 — Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? — Sorry. ______ . A. It’s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired 【 解析】选C。由Sorry可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一个说话者借电脑的请求，只有选C项，第二个人的理由才充分。答句句意：对不起，我的电脑正在维修。 (3) 在“be ＋ 形容词 ＋ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表被动。 (4)系动词feel, look, smell, taste, sound等。 (5) 表示“开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动”等的动词。 (6) 在be worth doing中，doing用主动形式表被动。 (7) 不定式 to blame (受谴责)，to rent(出租)作表语时，用主动形式表被动。 2. 被动形式表示主动意义 be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be