第5讲 词汇与语法(虚拟语气-倒装句).ppt

词汇与语法第5讲虚拟语气 倒装句 虚拟语气在学位英语考试中的具体体现： 1. 虚拟条件句; 2. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用; 1. 虚拟条件句: 虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。 根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句; 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句; 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。 虚拟条件句 例句： 1.表示与现在事实相反 If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you. If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him. 2.表示与过去事实相反 If he had taken your advice ， he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake. She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy. 3.表示与将来事实相反 I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more. 考试可能会涉及：虚拟条件句的倒装 　为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。 虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。 例如： 　If I had been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Had I been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Should there be a drought， what should we do at that time ？ If there should be a drought， what should we do at that time ？ 虚拟条件句 中的一些含蓄表达 　有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：otherwise， without， but for）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。 这种句子称为含蓄条件句。 例如： 　But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college. 　Without many teachers’ advice, I could not have passed the examination so quickly. 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。 根据虚拟语气的形式不同，可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。 一、should类 　这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在： 1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 　　如： Mike suggests that Curie should leave the house at once. The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible. Jack proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of development. 2.与suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。