第十五章 主谓一致.ppt

语法部分 主谓一致 概念: 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上 保持一致。 主谓一致三原则 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 （1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 The desk __ Tom’s. Reading in the sun __ bad for your eyes. What he said ___ very important for us all. 语法一致原则 （2）由and或both... and...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Both he and I ___ right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black __(有)a son called Tom. 注：并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer ____(have)come. （3)由and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别有every, each, no, many a (an), more than a (an)等修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 In our country every boy and every girl __(have) the right to receive education. Each man and each woman__asked to help. 语法一致原则 （4）主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,together with, except, but, besides, like, as well as,including等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. （5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如：people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 A lot of people are/is dancing outside. The police are/is looking for the lost boy. 语法一致原则 （6）either, neither, each, every 和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has/have a new book. Neither of the books is/are very interesting. （7）由两部分构成的物体名词，如：glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Your trousers are/is dirty. My new pair of socks is/are on the bed. 语法一致原则 （8)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，从句谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。 I know the man who is/are talking to my father. Jim is one of the students in his class who is/are praised by their teacher. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of， pairs of等量词修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair等量词的单复数形式。 在“one of +复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句结构中，从句谓语动词用复数。但当one of 之前有the only, the first等词表示特指时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 Jim is the only one of the students in his class who is/are praised by their teacher. （1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 Twenty years is/are not a long time. Ten dollars is/are too dear. 意义一致原则 （2）有些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。 My family is/are big. My family is/are watching T