第四讲基本句型和句子成分.ppt

句子成分与句子结构 BACK 一、句子成分含义 I need a quiet room. The weather was quite nice. 构成句子的词和短语，根据它们在句中的作用可以分为若干成分。 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 主语 系动词 表语 状语 二、句子的基本结构 1. 简单句: 主-系-表、主-谓-宾 2. 并列句: 由and, but, so 等连词连接 3. 复合句: (1) 一个主句+一个或多个从句 名词性从句 (2) 三大类从句 定语从句 状语从句 简单句的五大基本句型 (1)主-系-表 (2)主-谓-宾 ① 主-谓: 只适用于vi. ② 主-谓-双宾语(直接宾语+间接宾语) ③ 主-谓-复合宾语(宾语+宾补) (1) 主-系-表 be动词 由实义动词转化而来的系动词 eg: Mr. Brown is a doctor. The dress looks beautiful. The problem seems very complicated. Everyone doesn’t seem so friendly. 由实义动词转化而来的系动词，在句子变否定的时候，看作实义动词使用。 (2)主-谓-宾 注意 (1)能接双宾语的vt. (2)能接复合宾语的vt. : 感官动词等(详见下文) 1. 简单句的基本句型 只适用于vt. give, lend, send buy, get, make give sb. sth = give sth. to sth. buy sb. sth = buy sth. for sb. ① 主-谓: 只适用于vi. ② 主-谓-双宾语(直接宾语+间接宾语) ③ 主-谓-复合宾语(宾语+宾补) 1. 主语 一般由名词、代词、或者相当于名词的词(例如：动名词)、短语或从句充当。 eg: The weather was quite nice. He has finished his homework. Reading is good for your study. Whether to go picnicing depends on weather Whether we will go picnicing depends on weather. 2. 谓语 常由动词充当。(及物动词后面需要接宾语，不及物动词后面需要借助于介词才能接宾语) eg: I like English. I work here. I work in a factory. 3. 宾语 (1) 跟在谓语动词或者介词后面的成分，故英语中有两类词有宾语，即动词和介词。 (2) 宾语由名词、代词宾格、名词短语或者从句充当。 eg: The news surprised us. I like reading. He promised to help me. He came into the classroom with a book in his hand. I hope that you’ll enjoy yourself. 宾语从句 4. 表语 (1) 跟在系动词后的成分，表示主语的身份或特征、状态。 (2) 常由名词、形容词、代词、分词、数词、介词短语以及小品副词(on, off, up, down, away)充当. eg: Mr. Brown is a doctor. It’s fine today. He is in the classroom. This is what I want. The light is on. 5. 定语 (1) 用