GC心理5.ppt

Chapter 5 Navigation and Interaction in Real and Virtual Environment 现实环境和虚拟环境中的导航与交互 Overview In Chapter 4, we described how spatial displays are perceived and interpreted. In Chapter 5, we focus on how we dynamically interact with spatial displays and environment. We can control our motion through space, we can change our direction, velocity and acceleration. What information in the environment do we detect that allows us to do so? 我们控制自己的运动穿行于空间，可以改变方向、速率、加速度，我们从环境中获得什么信息让我们这么做呢？ We can plan and navigate a route through space as we drive. How do we do this, and what display technology might assist us in the process? 驾驶时，我们规划和选择某条行驶路线。我们如何做的？在这个过程中，什么样的显示技术可以帮助我们？ What information needs to be provided so that the observer can navigate accurately and plan a route through a virtual environment?提供怎样的信息才能让观察者在虚拟环境中精确导航和规划路线？ In information visualization systems: how can the designer ensure that the user quickly locates information in a large database, and also give the user a sense of where the location is, relative to other information? 在信息可视化系统中，设计者怎样才能使用户在一个庞大的数据库中快速的找到所需的信息，并且让用户清楚这个地点相对其他信息的位置？ 5.1 Navigation and spatial cognition 导航与空间认知 5.1.1 Judgment of egomotion 自我运动的判断 Optical invariants 视觉常量 Compression and Splay 密集度和舒张角 Optical flow 光线流 Time-to-contact (Tau) 接触时间 Global optical flow 全局光线流 Edge rate 边缘率 5.1.2 Navigation and understanding of 3D Space 导航和理解三维空间 1.Mental representation of 3D space 三维空间的心理表征 呈现导航信息的4种特征 Verbal and spatial navigation aids: Route lists versus Maps 言语和空间的导航帮助：路径表或地图 Verbal navigation—route list 言语导航—路径表 Advantages优点：words can be easily transformed to speech. 路径表中的词汇更容易通过口头语言表达出来。 Verbal navigation—route list 言语导航—路径表 Limitations Spatial Frames of Reference 空间参考系 The 2nd problem in map design——frame of reference or viewpoint Task-Display Dependence 任务—显示的依赖性 Tasks involving navigation 与导航相关的任务 Task involving understanding 与理解相关的任务 Fixed, rather than rotating viewp