考研英语语法之三大从句.doc

三大从句 一、定语从句 定语从句，简言之，就是用来做定语的句子，即用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面，所以我们称之为先行词。而引导定语从句的连词，叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. （一）定语从句的先行词 先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。只有正确找出先行词，才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分，才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系，分清句子结构，从而正确理解句子。 1. 一个词（通常是名词，也可以是代词） For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. 2. 一个短语 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 3. 一个从句 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be. 4. 一个完整的句子 As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of this condition. They are invited to the state banquet, which was a great honor to them. （二）引导定语从句的关系词 1. 关系代词 关系代词 先行词 关系代词在从句中所作的成分 that 人或物 做主语、宾语或表语 which 物 做主语、动词或介词的宾语 who 人 做主语 whom 人 做宾语 whose 人或物 做定语，相当于先行词所有格 as 人或物或整句话 做主语 It is about YOU, and how you performed and what you accomplished in those past jobs – especially those accomplishments that are most relevant to the work you want to do next. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to draw upon in starting her own business. At the same time, the American Law Institute – a group of judges, lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry su