GRAMMAR文法Unit 6 Reporting Speech.ppt

Reporting Introduction There are two main ways of reporting people’s words, thoughts, beliefs, etc. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Direct Speech We can give the exact words (more or less) that were said, or that we imagine were thought. Did she say, “What do you want?” And then I thought, “Well, does he really mean it?” Indirect Speech We can make a speaker’s words or thoughts part of our own sentence, using conjunctions (e. g. that), and changing pronouns, tenses and other words where necessary. Did she just ask what I wanted? And then I wondered whether he really meant it. Mixing Structures These two structures cannot normally be mixed. She said to me “I have got no money” and asked me for help. OR She said to me that she had got no money and asked me for help. NOT She said to me that I have got no money and asked me for help. Basic Rules for Indirect Speech Change of Situation Pronouns “Here and Now” Words Tenses Dropping that Questions and Answers Actions Change of Situation Words that are spoken or thought in one place by one person may be reported in another place at a different time, and perhaps by another person: BILL (on Saturday): I don’t like this party. I want to go home now. JACK (on Sunday): Bill said that he didn’t like the party, and he wanted to go home right away. Pronouns A change of speaker may mean a change of pronoun: Bill said that he didn’t like the party. . . NOT Bill said that I didn’t like the party . . . “Here and Now” Words A change of place and time may mean changing words like here, this, now, today. Peter, reporting what Bill said, does not use this and now because he is no longer at the party: Bill said that he didn’t like the party . . . NOT Bill said that he didn’t like this party . . . ) Tenses A change of time may mean a change of tense: the person reporting uses tenses that relate to the time when s/he is making the report, not to the time when the original words were used. Ex: Bill sa