GRE课件逻辑错误PART1.ppt

MODEL 基本错误模型 MODEL 基本错误模型 MODEL In the past, the body styles of Patriot cars have been old-fashioned, and our cars have not sold as well as have our competitors cars. Thus, we should discontinue our oldest models and concentrate instead on manufacturing sporty cars. Post-sale service High fuel consumption Engine performance Automotive trim Security Marketing strategies Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs.(88) In the first place, the argument is based on a fallacy of hasty generalization. The arguer assumes that Plainville residents’ concern with leading healthy lives has given rise to the booming sale of running shoes and exercise clothing. The assumption is questionable because the arguer fails to rule out other possibilities. For example, Plainsville residents prefer wearing sportswear simply due to the reason of the weather condition. What’s more, sportswear might be more comfortable and less expensive compared to other type of clothing. 基本错误模型 EXERCISE 12 97 I recommend this seminar because it is likely to be a wise investment, given that the automobile racing industry recently reported that the performance of its maintenance crews improved markedly after their crews had attended the seminar. First, the arguer commits a fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc. He unfairly assumes that the seminar has caused the marked improvement of the performance of the maintenance crews. The causal claim based on the correlation is premature unless the arguer can rule out other factors. For example, the crews may have worked harder. Moreover, the technology of inspecting and maintaining may have been developed. In addition, the inspection requirements may be more stri