hanzi汉字.pptx

汉 字 hàn zì;Chinese writing;目录(Contents) mùlù;构成原则(Principles of formation) gòuchéng yuánzé ;Pictograms;日 rì;人;口;足;舌;耳;金;水;山;田;虫;鱼;羊;龟;丝;毛;竹;米;星;云;风;衣;父 ;儿;出;开;坐;立;东 ;牛;羽;齿;果 ;Simple ideograms;Compound ideograms;Rebus;Phono-semantic compounds;Xu Shen (c. 100 AD) placed approximately 82% of characters into this category, while in the?Kangxi Dictionary?(1716 AD) the number is closer to 90%, due to the extremely productive use of this technique to extend the Chinese vocabulary. This method is still sometimes used to form new characters, for example?钚?/?鈈?bù?(plutonium) is the metal radical?金?jīn?plus the phonetic component?不?bù, described in Chinese as 不?gives sound,?金?gives meaning. Many?Chinese names of elements in the periodic table?and many other?chemistry-related characters?were formed this way. Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in?蝴蝶?húdié?butterfly, where both characters have the insect radical?虫. A notable example is biwa?(a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the?loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as?批把?with the hand radical, referring to the down and up strokes when playing this instrument, which was then changed to?枇杷?(tree radical), which is still used for the fruit, while the character was changed to?琵琶?when referring to the instrument.?In other cases a compound word may coincidentally share a radical without this being meaningful.;Transformed cognates