关于准确性和不确定性的理论基础之间的区别.doc

论精度与不确定度的理论基础差异 叶晓明1 凌模2 周 强3 杨俊志4 1.武汉大学测绘学院，精密工程与工业测量国家测绘局重点实验室，武汉 430079 2.中国地震局地震研究所，地壳运动与地球观测实验室，武汉 430071 3.湖北省计量测试技术研究院，武汉 430071 4.中国测绘科学研究院，北京 100039 摘要：测量不确定度评定理论已经是其他学科公认的测量可靠性评价规范，而测绘学科仍然一直沿用传统的精确度评价理论，诸多介绍不确定度理论的文献至今仍以精度理论概念来诠释不确定度理论，造成不确定度理论推广的困难。为此，通过对传统测量理论及不确定度理论的哲学思想的对比分析，联系测绘生产实践中的具体事例，从概念定义、认识论、方法论等角度，对测量不确定度理论和传统精度理论进行比较，首次归纳出分类主义和存在主义思维的本质区别，阐明不确定度理论较传统的精确度理论的科学性和在测绘学科推广不确定度评定理论的必要性。 关键词：测量 不确定度 测绘 精度 误差 中图分类号：P2；TB9 文献标识码：A The distinction of HYPERLINK /dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80tjType=sentencestyle=t=philosophical+foundation theory base between the accuracy and the measurement uncertainty YE Xiao-ming1 LING Mo2 ZHOU Qiang3 YANG Jun-zhi4 1.School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University. Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering Industry Surveying, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 2. Institute of Seismology, CEA. Crustal Movement Laboratory, Wuhan 3.Hubei Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Wuhan 430071 4.Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100039 Abstract: The evaluation theory of measurement uncertainty has been widely recognized when evaluating the reliability of the measurement results in other subjects. But the traditional discipline of evaluating accuracy has been used in the geodesy. Many papers on uncertainty theory are still using the precision of theoretical concepts to explain the theory of uncertainty, resulting the difficulties in extending uncertainty theory. In this paper, we HYPERLINK /dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e5%af%b9%e6%af%94%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90tjType=sentencestyle=t=contrast+and+analyses contrast and analyse the traditional theory of measurement with philosophical concept of uncertainty theory, considering with specific practice. We compare the theory of measurement uncertainty with the accuracy theory in geodesy from the basis concepts, the epistemology and the HYPERLINK /dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%ae%