从自然美学探讨中国山水画的现代意义 to explore into the modern m .doc

To Explore into the Modern Meaning of the Chinese Landscape Painting from Natural Aesthetics Ching-kuen Chen* Abstract Emerging in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220-589), Chinese landscape paintings became one of the major genres in China by the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties (907-960). As the most expressive form of art which embodying Chinese culture and ideal, the so-called Shan-shuei hua (“Mountains and Water Paintings” or the landscape paintings) has been regarded as an interpretation of the relation between human beings and the nature by the artists who were men of letters themselves. The aesthetics dominating Chinese landscape paintings differed from the Western thought. While Western artists, influenced by the tradition of rationalism, managed to represent and explore the nature, their Chinese counterparts emphasized the harmonious relation between people and his world. The latter especially matters today since the lasting of the human kind depends on whether we can co-exist with our environment harmoniously. This research attempts to probe into the meaning of modern natural aesthetics from the aesthetic image of the Chinese landscape painting promptly. Keywords: Chinese aesthetics, Chinese Landscape Paintings, Environmental Ethic, Natural Aesthetics 從自然美學探討中國山水畫的現代意義 陳 慶 坤* 摘要 關鍵字：中國美學、中國山水畫、環境倫理、自然美學 一、前言 中國山水畫美學與現代環境美學關係的探討，，，，。，。本文採比較研究法，探討之異同，包括︰(i)比較創作理念比較山水畫，，，，。，。，， 這兩者之間的交叉處在於審美意象中，，，， 從審美角度觀照自然環境，在西方雖然早在古希臘時代就已經開始，但是從笛卡爾以來的現代哲學、現代科學和環境思想當中，卻缺失了這一對自然觀照的思維。 即使現代藝術哲學領域秉承自西方文化傳統，分析美學的流派依然佔據絕對的主導地位，尤其自達達主義以來「終結藝術」(the end of art) 的問題，至今仍然被熱烈討論，而無視於自上世紀70年代以來，環境倫理學對於人類如何使用自然環境以及人與自然環境關係 這只是形成對分析美學主流的反駁之勢的理論證據而已，將自然、環境與日常生活美學視為藝術之外的研究物件。 然而，無論是自然與環境美學還是生活美學，顯然在中國儒、釋、道所發展出來的審美思想，中國古代文人雅士所歌頌的山水自然美景，其獨特山水畫審美方式，在環境美學或大地情懷都有合而為一不可分割的環境倫理關懷。這種三位一體，尊重生命、仁民愛物的美學原則，其所重視的不僅是道德實踐，而是整個生命在自然之中，順應於「道」的實踐歷程。以此而言中國山水畫的審美意識，或可作為現代環境倫理的哲學思考，因為現代環境美學或自然美學，就具備這一方面的研究基礎。 二、西方對自然環境的審美態度 在西方哲學與批判文學(critical literature)中，自然美學(natural aesthetics)一向是一個乏人問津