中国经济增长及环境污染关系分省面板协整模型分析——一个基于.doc

中国经济增长及环境污染关系分省面板协整模型分析——一个基于 　【摘要】本文在效用函数的基础上建立的扩展的EKC模型的面板协整分析的随机效应模型表明：我国分省的工业废水、废气、固体废弃物的EKC曲线形式不是“U”、”倒U”以及”N”形的任何一种；分省经济增长和工业三废的排放具有因果关系，但是经济发达和不发达地区工业三废的排放标的显著不同；产业结构尤其是第二产业比重的增加会增加工业三废的排放量；人口密度对工业三废排放具有挤出效应；工业三废排放对国家污染治理投入具有“倒逼机制”。北京、上海的环境有持续好转的迹象，河南的环境呈现持续恶化的状态。彻底解决我国环境污染问题需要合理有效的制度设计，制度的客观约束大于人类行为的主观约束方能有效治理环境污染问题。 关键词：经济增长；环境污染；扩展的EKC模型；面板协整 Abstract: This paper, based on utility function, builds an extended EKC model. Through the analysis of panel cointegration, the conclusion is that the EKC curves of industrial waste water, waste gas is not any kind of “U-shape”, “inverted U-shape” or “N-shape”. There is causality between economic growth and discharge of industrial wastes, but the discharge standard of developed areas is remarkably different from that of under-developed areas; the differences of industrial structure have an effect on the discharge of wastes, especially when the proportion of secondary industry in the national economy is large, the discharge of industrial wastes will be more; the population density has an crowding-out effect on industrial wastes; the discharge of industrial wastes have a mechanism to force the government devote more to the pollution. The environments of Beijing and Shanghai are taking a favorable turn, while the situation in He?nan province is still worsening. To solve the problem of environmental pollution thoroughly, a rational and effective institution is needed. Only when the restraint of institution from objective point is great than the restraint of human?s own behavior, can the environmental problem be solved. Key words: economic growth; environmental pollution; extended EKC model; panel co-integration 1971年《罗马俱乐部报告》出台之后，关于经济是否可持续发展一度成为广泛的争议话题，随后的讨论从资源枯竭问题转向了环境污染问题。目前经济学界一般用环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve， EKC)表示经济增长与环境的关系。该曲线是指当收入超过一定的临界值时，按照人均值度量的经济活动的环境效应幅度会随着收入的增加而下降，就是说人均收入和环境污染呈现的是倒U型曲线关系。在人均收入水平比较低的情况下，随着人均收入的提高，环境污染加剧；Grossman and Krueger（1991；1994）研究表明，在人均收入达到一定水平 ，一般为 4000-5000 美元(1985年的美元计价)，人