基本安全补差课件.ppt

组织沟通的种类 Organizational Communication 1. Vertical communication --Downward communication --Upward communication 2. Horizontal Communication 3. Grapevine Communication 口头沟通 Oral 1. Face to Face 2. Meetings 3. Presentations 4. Telephone 5. Voice mail Oral --Advantages: quick, easy, facilitates reaction, interaction, and feedback --Disadvantages: more risk of being misunderstood, may involve intermediaries who may distort, confuse, message, e.g. the “grapevine” 书面沟通方式 Written A list of commonly used written items includes: Memos Letters (email) Reports Bulletin board notices Posters Written -Advantages: allows careful preparation, wide circulation, ensures accuracy of message, facilitates transmission of complex data -Disadvantages: requires skill to ensure simplicity, readability; inhibits feedback 沟通建议 Advice 1. Try to predict the impact --Evaluate possible misinterpretation --Recognize tendency to reject what they don’t want to hear 运用反馈手段 2.Use feedback --Ensure that there are indications that message is understood 尽可能运用面对面交流方式 3.Use face to face communications wherever possible --More control over tone of message, improves feedback 运用增强方式 4. Use reinforcement --It helps oral briefings to be reinforced in writing 语言简洁 5. Keep it simple --Avoid jargon, long words, complicated sentences. 指导 Guide: 1.Listen 2.Be clear as to the purpose of communication 3.Understand the environment 4.In planning to communicate, consult with others, win their support Guide(continued): 5.Consider content and overtones of message 6.If possible, communicate something that helps Follow-up to ensure effectiveness 7.Communicate both short-run and long- run messages 8.Ensure actions align with message * 2.有助于船上有效的人际关系 2.2团队工作的基本原则和做法，冲突的解决。 团队凝聚力的产生有内外两方面的因素。内在因素来自成员与团队本身，外在因素来自环境的压力。团队凝聚力可以是团队成员关于情境的理解与反应趋向一致的过程，也可以是成员对他人行为的附和，也可以是成员共同持有一种特定的价值观。这种价值观主要内涵就是要遵循四条基本原则： * 2.有助于船上有效的人际关系 2.2团队工作的基本原则和做法，冲突的解决。 　　一是对共同利益的认同原则，将团队的共同利益与大家讨论清楚。这种认同会自动转化