大学英语语法状语从句.ppt

College English Grammar: Grammar and Writing By Zhu Xiangjun Unit 12 Clause: Adverbial clauses  Grammar: Adverbial clauses Writing: Correcting: Article Misuse Rewriting: Periodic/Loose sentences Adverbial Clauses 1. Functions An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what condition. 1.1. To modify a verb She passed the driving test. She obtained her driving license. ? After she had passed the driving test, she obtained her driving license. [telling when] 1.2. To modify an adjective The library is a good place. There we study well. It is quiet. ? The library is a good place to study because it is quiet. [telling why] 1.3. To modify an adverb He was often disappointed. He became hopeless. ? He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless. [telling to what extent] 2. Forms and kinds An adverbial clause always begins with subordinating conjunction (such as if, when, because, than, although) and includes a subject (S.) and a predicate (P.). An adverbial clause = subordinating conjunction + S. + P. Subordinating conjunctions that introduce adverbial clauses may indicate a relationship of time, place, manner, reason, condition or degree. They cannot be omitted. They cannot be subjects. Here are kinds of adverbial clauses and some of their subordinating conjunctions. Place: where, wherever Time: after, before, since, until, when, whenever, while, etc. Manner: as, as if, etc. Reason: as, because, for, in order that, since, so that, that, etc. Degree: as, than, etc. Condition: in case, if, even if, provided, unless, etc. Concession: although, though, as, whereas, while, etc. She goes to any place. There are always crowds of people. They are waiting to see her. ? Wherever she goes, there are always crowds of people waiting to see her. He rang off. I had no time to expl