人类对于海洋的探索.ppt

Early Ocean Explorers Somewhere around 1700 B.C., the people of Crete built oceangoing ships and began to sail and trade along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Early Ocean Explorers Probably the first true oceangoing sailors were the Polynesianswho began to spread out across the Pacific from Indonesia about 3000 years ago and eventually discovered and colonized ~10,000 Pacific islands. Chinese: From about 1000-1500 A.D. they explored the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and the eastern Atlantic using technically advanced ships that had rudders sophisticated sails. European Age of Discovery Ferdinand Magellan - during his voyage of 1519, his ships circumnavigated the globe for the first time while searching for and finding new routes to the East. Early Scientific Exploration Charles Darwin HMS Beagle: a 4 1/2 year voyage of exploration begun in 1831 later led to Darwin’s “Origin of Species”. Ocean Exploration into the 20th century and beyond Robert E. Perry: 1909, an American naval officer, first to reach North Pole Ronald Amundsen: Norwegian who reached the South Pole in 1911 New HMS Challenger: 1951, mapped ocean floors, discovered Challenger Deep, deepest part of Marianas Trench Nautilus: 1958, U.S. submarine sailed beneath North Pole Glomar Challenger: 1968, deep-sea drilling vessel, provided info to confirm seafloor spreading and plate tectonics * * History of Oceanography Maker: Wang Yujing Qingdao University of Science and Technology The ancient Greeks began to explore outside the Mediterranean about 900-700 B.C. The Greek name for river, okeanos evolved into the word ocean, used today to describe the world seas. Early Ocean Voyagers Polynesian voyaging canoe Early Ocean Voyagers Zheng He 1405-1433 Page from “Manual of Geography”, published In 1870 by Matthew Maury HMS Challenger: 1872, first purely scientific sailing expedition; 4 year voyage, trawling discovered 4,717 new species, took global ocean salinity, temperature