从《酉阳杂俎》看唐代佛道争风.doc

从段成式《酉阳杂俎》看唐代佛道争风 杨田春( (西南大学 文学院，重庆400715） 摘要：佛道之争由来已久，至唐达到高潮。从唐初傅奕对佛教的发难，到武周大力弘佛，再到盛唐尊道为主、佛道兼容，又到中唐会昌灭佛，最后是晚唐佛道争风趋于缓和，有唐一代佛道两教的斗争激烈与缓和交替出现。唐段成式笔记小说《酉阳杂俎》内容广泛驳杂、多有反映当时道佛故事广泛流传、僧道斗法之社会现状，从中可以以一斑窥全豹，了解唐代佛道争风的大致情况。其佛道争风主要表现于两方面：一是互相仇恨，递相贬斥；二是僧道斗法，法法灵验。 关键词：《酉阳杂俎》 ；唐代；佛道争风 Study on the struggle between Buddhism and Taoism in the Tang Dynasty from the novel——“You Yang Za Zu ” Yang Tianchun (Shool of Literature,Southwest Uniwersity,Chongqing 400715,China) Abstract: Buddhism and Taoism struggled with each other long ago. To the Tang Dynasty, this kind of phenomenon reached its climax. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty,FuYi launched an attack against Buddhism. In the Zhou Dynasty,Wu Zetian Vigorously promoted Buddhism. Emperor Xuanzong respected Taoism,but converted to Buddhism as well.However, HuiChang Forbidding Buddha was a serious blow to the Buddhism. While in the late Tang Dynasty, the struggle between Buddhism and Taoism tended to mitigation,but didn t stop. “You Yang Za Zu ”,the novel of Duan Chengshi, completely reflects the struggle between Buddhism and Taoism in the the Tang Dynasty.We can know of many things about Buddhism and Taoism of the Tang Dynasty from the novel. The struggle between Buddhism and Taoism mainly displays in two aspects: First ,they hated each other and exclude each other;Second, Buddhists be matched aganst Taoists. Keywords: You Yang Za Zu; the Tang Dynasty; the struggle between Buddhism and Taoism 佛道之争由来已久，作为外来宗教的佛教在传入中土之初就与土生土长的道教产生了矛盾。无论是佛教还是道教，它们作为宗教都是以广泛传播自己的教义、争取更多的信徒为目的的，因此佛道两教的矛盾与斗争往往就不可避免了。昔东汉明帝时枷摄摩腾与诸道士论争开两教争风之先河，此后两教争斗不断，至唐代达到了高潮。唐时，道教与皇家的关系密切而特殊，政治因素左右着佛道两教势力的消长，因而佛道之争显得更为激烈与复杂。唐段成式的笔记小说《酉阳杂俎》内容广泛驳杂、包罗万象，亦有反映当时道佛故事广泛流传、僧道斗法之社会现状，折射出了唐代社会佛道争风的历史现象。有关《酉阳杂俎》的研究，前人的足迹多止于此书与佛教的关系研究，而本文则立足于此书所反映的佛道斗争现象进行深入研究。 一 段成式，字柯古，临淄邹平人，一般认为生于中唐德宗贞元十九年，卒于晚唐懿宗咸通四年。当时的佛教已颇为昌明，父段文昌精通佛教，家藏奇篇秘籍。《南楚新闻》称“唐段成式词学博闻，精通三教”(((((((((，《旧唐书》称其“尤深于佛书”(((((((((。其书《酉阳杂俎》亦多处载段成式信佛之事，如《草篇》云“成式尝置香炉枿台，每念经，门生以为善徵((((((((，《金刚经鸠异》篇有“开成元年，于上都怀楚法师处，听《青龙疏》一篇”等。 段成式的《酉阳杂俎