会计专业英语1-reporting entity.ppt

Reporting entity 1.Sole proprietorships 2.Partnerships 3.Corporations 1.Sole proprietorships独资企业 EG：retail storesfarmsservice businesses accountingThe sole proprietorship is the most common form of business organization in U.S. economy Sole partnership Advantage: Simplicity 简单 Disadvantage： Unlimited liability feature to the owner. 所有者的无限责任 Partnerships 合伙企业 An unincorporated business owned by two or more persons voluntarily acting as partners 一个公司由两个及以上的自然人自愿担当合伙共同经营 Widely used in small business 大部分都是用于小企业 Some very large professional practices, including CPA firms. 一些很大的专业实践 包括 会计师事务所 A benefit of the partnership form over the sole proprietorships form is the ability to bring together large amounts of capital investment from multiple owners.合伙企业的好处是便于大额集资投资 Corporations 公司制企业 A corporation is a type of business organization that is recognized under the law as a entity separate from its owners. 公司制企业是法律制度下区分于所有者的实体 Ownership of a corporation is divided into transferable shares of capital stock ,and the owners are called stockholders or shareholders.The stockholders are generally free to sell some or all of these share to other investors at any time. The most large businesses are organized as corporations. 最大的商业都叫做公司 Corporations are the dominate form of business organization 公司是商业的主体 Corporations are most likely to distribute financial statements to investors and other outsiders 企业最有可能向投资者和外部人员发放财务报告 Basic Assumptions and Principles of Accounting 会计的基本假设和原则 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)公认会计准则 GAAP provides the general framework for determining what information is included in financial statements and how this information is to be presented. Basic Assumptions of Accounting 会计基本假设 1.Accounting Entity Assumption 会计主体假设 2.Going Concern Assumption 持续经营假设 3.Accounting Period Assumption 会计分期假设 4.Monetary Measurement Assumption 货币计量假设 Principles of Accounting会计原则 Objectivity PPL 客观性原则 Understandability PPL 明晰性原则