便秘 英语ppt1.ppt

REFERENCE /constipation_myths_facts_pictures_slideshow/article.htm /ddiseases/pubs/constipation/ CONTENT 1 How common is constipation and who is affected? 2 What is constipation? 3 How causes constipation? 4 What causes constipation? 5 Assessment 6 Solution How common is constipation and who is affected? Affecting an estimated 42 million people, or 15 percent of the population. Womem（during pregnancy or surgery） Adults ages 65 and older, People in lower socioeconomic classes. Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. American Journal of Gastroenterology(肠胃病学). 2004;99:750–759 What is constipation? have a bowel movement everyday normal fewer than three bowel movements a week hard, dry, and small, making them painful or difficult to pass. straining need to have a bowel movement but cant cannot fully empty your bowels How causes constipation? digesting food through any part of the intestine. However, the slowing occurs in the colon. colon absorbs water ↓↓↓↓ much Hard, dry What causes constipation? Diet low in fiber Medications Lack of physical activity Life changes or daily routine changes Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement GI tract problems Diet low in fiber Fiber helps stool stay soft so it moves smoothly through the colon. Liquids such as water and juice help fiber to be more effective. (e.g. tissue ) Medications Pain Depression High blood pressure Parkinsons disease Too much calcium and iron supplements Overuse of laxatives All of them can decrease the colon’s natural ability to contract and may damage the intestinal flora. Life changes or daily routine changes During pregnancy （hormonal changes） Traveling （normal diet and daily routine are disrupted） Military training ( neurological ,metabolic disorders） less than once a week Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement