修辞Metaphor.ppt

Metaphor Definition: Metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning---one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. Metaphor Simile Common qualities: Comparison between two unlike elements. Difference： Similes are mainly confined to nouns only. In simile, the comparison is explicit. Metaphors involve nouns, verbs, adjectives, attributive or adverbial modifiers. In metaphor, the comparison is implied. Metaphor is a condensed or implied simile. Metaphors partially structure our everyday concepts. Everyday concept: Ideas are food. Ideas are plants. Literal Language: There are too many facts here for me to digest them all. His ideas have finally come to fruition. Function Different categories of metaphor Visible metaphor Definition: both the primary term (tenor) and the secondary term (vehicle) are present in the sentence. Form: “X is Y” You are my sunshine. She was my worst nightmare. She is the apple of her eye. Invisible metaphor The primary term (tenor) is present, but the secondary term (vehicle) is not--- but it is hinted by other words. Eg: Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. (Francis Bacon) In the sentence, the secondary term “food” does not appear literally, but it is suggested by the verbs “tasted”, “Swallowed”, “chewed” and “digested”. The secondary term is present in the sentence but the primary term is not. The primary term is suggested by the secondary term. Function: leaves room for the reader’s imagination. Eg: The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker...(O. Henry) The primary term “Man” is not present, but it is suggested by the secondary term “machine”. “Man” is replaced by “machine” because the man at the desk performed his duty mechanically. In the writer’s mind the man was no longer a man but a machine. Three purposes Description The hallway was zebra-s