储运1301班beijing opera.ppt

brief introduction（lc）简要介绍 Chinese traditional opera is considered one of the worlds three ancient operas, together with Greek tragedy and comedy, and Indian Sanskrit opera. Among the more than 360 ancient local operas in China, Peking Opera is known as China’s national opera, despite its comparatively young 200-year history. 中国传统戏曲被认为是世界三大古代戏曲,连同希腊悲剧和喜剧,和印度梵语戏剧。在超过360古代地方剧种在中国,京剧是作为中国的国剧,尽管其相对年轻的这间历史。 category（gy）分类 The roles on the Chinese opera stage fall into four categories -- Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. These roles have the natural features of age and sex, as well as social status, and are artificially exaggerated by makeup, costume and gestures. 京剧在塑造人物方面有其独特的造型语言。它把不同性别、性格、年龄、身份的人物划分为不同的行当，有生、旦、净、丑四大行当。由于京剧人物造型形象鲜明、风格多样，有强烈的剧场效果，常常更易于激起观众的欣赏兴趣 Role of Sheng（gy） Sheng, a male role, usually a leading one, dates back to Southern Drama of the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368). This role appears in operas in all historical periods. According to the age and social status of the characters, Sheng falls into five sub-groups: Laosheng, Xiaosheng, Wusheng, Hongsheng and Wawasheng (characters of children). Role of Dan（wwq） Dan is the general term in Peking Opera for female roles. As early as in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Zhuangdan role appeared. Southern Drama and Northern Zaju, which developed during the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368), also had Dan roles. After Kunqu matured, it had Zhengdan, Xiaodan, Tidan and Laodan. Later, more Dan types were developed. Role of Jing（jyq） Jing refers to painted-face roles, known popularly as Hualian. The different colors and designs on the faces represent males with different characteristics. Some are bold and vigorous and some are sinister, ruthless, crude and rash. The voice is loud and clear, and the movements are exaggerated. The Jing role originates from the Fujing role of the Song Zaju. The Jing roles gradually increased in number, and became further divided into several