公共地悲剧中英对照.docx

公地的悲剧 Tragedy of the CommonsThe Tragedy of the Commons 公地的悲剧by Garrett Hardin, 1968Published in Science, December 13, 1968At the end of a thoughtful article on the future of nuclear war, Wiesner and York (1) concluded that: Both sides in the arms race are ... confronted by the dilemma of steadily increasing military power and steadily decreasing national security. It is our considered professional judgment that this dilemma has no technical solution. If the great powers continue to look for solutions in the area of science and technology only, the result will be to worsen the situation.J.B. Wiesner和H.F. York在一篇关于核子战争前景的发人深省文章结尾时说：「武器竞赛的双方都是…面对持续增强的军事力量和持续减弱的国家安全。深思之下，我们的专业意见认为这困局没有技术性的解决办法。如果大国只是在科学和科技这方面找寻解决办法，结果只会令情况恶化。」I would like to focus your attention not on the subject of the article (national security in a nuclear world) but on the kind of conclusion they reached, namely that there is no technical solution to the problem. An implicit and almost universal assumption of discussions published in professional and semipopular scientific journals is that the problem under discussion has a technical solution. A technical solution may be defined as one that requires a change only in the techniques of the natural sciences, demanding little or nothing in the way of change in human values or ideas of morality.希望各位不要集中注意文章的主题（核武世界的国家安全），而是要留意作者的结论，即是问题没有技术性的解决办法。专业和半通俗科学期刊的评论，差不多都隐喻评论的问题是有技术性的解决办法。技术性解决办法可以定义为只要改变自然科学的技术，无需或只是稍为改变人的道德价值或概念。In our day (though not in earlier times) technical solutions are always welcome. Because of previous failures in prophecy, it takes courage to assert that a desired technical solution is not possible. Wiesner and York exhibited this courage; publishing in a science journal, they insisted that the solution to the problem was not to be found in the natural sciences. They cautiously qualified their statement with the phrase, It is our considered professional judgment. . . . Whether they were right or not is not the concern of the presen