写作常用修辞.ppt

Figures of Speechin Writing Simile 明 喻 (1) Definition A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”. 基本格式：“A is like B” 或“A is as…as B” 常用比喻词： as, like, seem, as if, as though, such as Examples Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit. 有天资而无学识，好比树木不结果实。 Simile 明 喻 (2) 含明喻的成语 (as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若 (as) blind as a bat 目光如豆，完全看不见东西的 (as) cool as a marble 冷若冰霜 (as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石 (as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 (as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉 (as) strong as a horse 健壮如牛 like a duck to water 如鱼得水 like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖 like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁 Simile 明 喻 (3) what 型（A is to B what C is to D / What C is to D, A is to B） What sculpture is a block of marble, education is to the soul. 教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻之于大理石。 Simile 明 喻 (4) than型 A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. (William M. Thackeray) 愚人之不知其愚，犹如其不能自视其耳。 and型 A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. 说出去的话犹如抛出去的石头，是收不回来的。 动词型 He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye. 他把女儿当做掌上明珠。 汉 语 中 的 明 喻 还似旧时游上苑，车如流水马如龙。（李煜《忆江南》） 客有吹萧者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨，如慕，如泣，如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕，舞幽壑之蛟龙，泣孤舟之婺妇。（苏轼《前赤壁赋》） 水，汹涌奔泻而来，如箭离弦，如马脱缰，如猛虎出山，江水出峡了。（徐迟《西陵峡口》） 饮食店的职工们当然不知女经理的这番挫折，只见她第二天早晨起来眼睛肿得和水蜜桃一样，看什么都不顺眼，看见馒头、花卷、包子、面条都有气。（古华《芙蓉镇》） Metaphor 暗 喻（1） Definition (metaphor, also called a compressed or condensed simile) A figurative of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit. A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another 英语隐喻的表达方式较为丰富，它可以是句子中的主语，也可以是表语、谓语、定语、宾语或状语。它可以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组；它可以是一个分句，也可以是同一句中的主谓结构。 Happiness is a perfume you cannot pour on others wit