分词讲解及练习2013.ppt

* * 一、构成形式 ? 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done △过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)。 △ 现在分词（否定式not +分词）： 二、 语法功 能 1．作表语 2．作定语 3．作状语 4．作宾语补足语 分词作表语，分词相当于形容词 △ 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性，表 示“令人…的”，一般物做主语 △过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词过去 分词表示“感到…”,一般人做主语 The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer. 1.表语 2.定语 developing countries = countries that are developing developed countries = countries that are developed a sleeping boy = a boy that is sleeping Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? Have you read any short stories written (which were written) by Lu Xun? 分词作定语时，通常与所修饰的名词间有逻辑上的主谓关系，意义上接近于一个定语从句。 ② 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后 Barking dogs seldom bite. America is a developed country. ①?单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前， 注意 Who is the man standing by the door? I know a boy named Tom. 分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致 3.状语 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. Studying hard, you will go to college. Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. Seeing nobody at home , he left. 被动关系 主动关系 分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系： 主动关系，用 doing 被动关系，用 done 注意 ① 作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况 The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. He went home ,exhausted. ②作原因状语，表示原因或理由 Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Beaten by his father, he was very sad. ③作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. ④作结果、条件和让步、 方式等状语 The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果) Working hard, you will succeed. Even if invited, I won’t go. Following the guide, they started to climb. (结果) (条件) (让步) (方式) 用 分词作补足语的多是一些“感觉”和“使役”动词。 feel, listen hear, get, have, keep, see, notice, watch, find, observe等。 4.宾语补足语 一摸 二听 三让 四看 I saw him playing football on the playgroun