北大细胞生物学课件.ppt

分子细胞生物学Molecular CELL BIOLOGY Chapter 1  Introduction to the cell 2. The Cell Theory: A Brief History Cell theory has three basic tenets: 3. Why are cells the basic units of life? A. The cell is the structural unit of life, All organisms is make up of cells. D. The cell is the growing and developing basis of life E. Cell (nucleus) is totipotent, which can create a new organism of the same type 4. Basic properties of cells Cells are highly complex and organized, capable of self-regulation; Cells acquire and utilize energy. B. All cells share similar structure, composition and metabolic features: Plasma membrane, DNA/RNA, and Ribosome. C. Cells can capable of producing more of themselves, even grow and reproduce in culture for extended periods. D. Cells are able to respond to stimuli via surface receptors that sense changes in the chemical environment. 6. Two fundamentally different classes of cells: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes A. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are distinguished by the size and the types of internal structures, or organelles, especially if there is nuclear envelope. B. Characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (2) Genetic material: All Cells Store Their Hereditary Information in the Same Liner Chemical Code (DNA) (3) Cytoplasm: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeletal proteins; prokaryotes have neither. Both have ribosomes, although they differ in size. (4) Cellular reproduction: Eukaryotes divide by mitosis; prokaryotes divide by simple fission. (5) Locomotion: Eukaryotes use both cytoplasmic movement, and cilia and flagella; prokaryotes have flagella, but they differ in both form and mechanism from eukaryotic flagella. 8. Viruses * * 主讲教师：丁明孝，陈建国，张传茂 Learning Objectives 1.About Cell Biology 2.Look briefly at the history of cell theory; 3.Consider the basic properties of cells; 4.Compare some characteristics of two different classes of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryot