医学英语 免疫#.ppt

Let’s start with questions Question-1 Our environment contains a great variety of infectious microbes, why could we keep healthy? Question-2 What should we do before transplanting blood ----Transfusion ? Let’s start with questions Questions -3 Why do we need to do gene matching before transplantation? Why is it very difficult to find perfect donor for recipient in transplantation? Question-4 Do you have any experience about allergy? What is the allergy? Let’s start with questions Question-5 1.What is vaccine? 2.How do vaccines work? (2) Functions of Immune System Immunological defense The immune system protects us from attack by microbes and worms. Immunological homeostasis The immune system could eliminate the inflammatory or died self-cells. Immunological surveillance The immune system could destroy the tumor cells and protects us from clinical tumor formation Innate immune system Non-specific Body surface Phagocytes blood components Adaptive immune system Immune organ and tissue primary organs: bone marrow and the thymus gland secondary organs at or near possible portals of entry for pathogens: adenoids, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, Peyers patches (within the intestines), and the appendix. Central Immune Organs and tissues Bone Marrow: Every cell from immune system is derived from bone marrow. A pluripotent多能性的 stem cell 干细胞differentiates either a common lymphoid progenitor cell淋巴祖细胞 or a myeloid stem cell骨髓干细胞. Common lymphoid progenitor cells give rise to B, T, and NK (natural killer) cells. Bone Marrow Thymus The Thymus function is to produce mature T cells. Immature T lymphocytes (Prothymocytes) emerge from the persons bone marrow and move into their thymus. Mature T cells are released into the persons blood stream. Secondary Lymphoid Organs Lymph nodes Place of immune response to pathogen entering the tissues. Spleen --Place of immune response to bloodborne infections MALT -- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Place of i