十八世纪英国文学.ppt

Restoration and the Eighteenth Century1660-1800 In the Shadow of Elizabeth After James I, his weak son Charles I came to throne, but the Puritans and their parliamentary party had gained power. By 1642 England was embroiled in civil war between the parliamentary party and the Royalists. Charles I was Beheaded by Parliament as they took over England under the rule of Oliver Cromwell—not royalty but a military and political strategist who eventually tore up the constitution and became a dictator. What is meant by Restoration? In 1660 the Anglican Church was restored as the official Church of England and King Charles II was restored to power The monarchy was restored without shedding a drop of blood. Historical Background 1.The Revolution of 1688. 2.Two parties: the liberal Whigs and the conservative Tories came into being. However another party also existed, the Jacobites, who aimed to bring the Stuarts back to the throne. 3. the rapid development of social life The Seven Groups of English Society during this time The Great, who live profusely The Rich, who live very plentifully The Middle Sort, who live well The Working Trades, who labor hard, but feel no want The Country People, farmers, etc., who fare indefferently The Poor, that fare hard The Miserable, that really pinch and suffer want. ---Daniel Defoe What adjectives would you use to describe these images? Defeated and Exhausted By 1660 England was utterly exhausted by 20 years of civil war. By 1700 it had lived through a devastating plague and a fire that had left more than 2/3 of Londoners homeless. Debtor’s Prison The public movement: the Enlightenment The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the progressive cla