印第安人研究.ppt

The history of Indians The native Americas are the aboriginals in America. They are believed to be early humans who traveled through Bering Strait to the North America continent. They gradually migrated southward and finally spread across the whole America. * * The Indians 1. The history of Indians The America policy , Indians’ struggle and sufferings Today’s Indians The history of Indians Indians has already had intensive cultivation in agriculture. They can make elegant colored pottery and build castles five or six stories. Their cultural development level was higher. Before the colonial period, the Indians were in the different stages of clan commune.(氏族公社制度) The history of Indians All kinds of Indian tribes has various lifestyles, for example, collection, hunting, fishing, nomadic and agriculture. Eskimos live by hunting walrus, seals; In North America, the western coastal Indians, mainly engaged in fishing; the southwest and southeast Indians known for agricultural production; California Indians live by gathering wild fruit bread; Others live by hunting buffalo. The history of Indians The history of Indians The event of 1492 (What???), the biggest turning point in the history of America, has had the Eurocentric effect of defining that history in terms of this one moment. Historians describe the previous American cultures as pre-Columbian. Pre-Columbian Indians: before AD 1492 The history of Indians Columbus arrived in America in 1492. Because Columbus is under the illusion that he has reached the Indians, he called the original inhabitants of the American continent Indians. Columbus’s arrival is a disaster for the originals. The chief agent of their downfall is disease. With no resistance to new germs, Indian tribes rapidly succumb to unfamiliar illnesses on their first brief contact with Europeans - in many cases vastly reducing the number of the Indians. The history of Indians Post-Columbian Indians: after AD 1492The fate of t