口译女科学家少？.doc

Why Are There Still So Few Women in Science? 为什么女科学家这么少？ 在1927年的索尔维物理学大会上，唯一的参会女性是玛丽·居里（下排左三）。 Mondadori Portfolio, via Getty Images Last summer, researchers at Yale published a study proving that physicists, chemists and biologists are likely to view a young male scientist more favorably than a woman with the same qualifications. Presented with identical summaries of the accomplishments of two imaginary applicants, professors at six major research institutions were significantly more willing to offer the man a job. If they did hire the woman, they set her salary, on average, nearly $4,000 lower than the man’s. Surprisingly, female scientists were as biased as their male counterparts.去年夏天，耶鲁大学(Yale)研究者发表了一项研究：对于具有同等资历的年轻男性和女性科学家，物理学、化学和生物学的学者都更倾向于选择男性科学家。面对着成就相同的假想申请者的简历材料，六大研究机构的教授明显更愿意为男性申请者提供工作。即便他们愿意招收那名女性，提供给她的年薪也平均比提供给男性的低4000美元。更有意思的是，女性学者与其男性同僚偏见一致。The new study goes a long way toward providing hard evidence of a continuing bias against women in the sciences. Only one-fifth of physics Ph.D.’s in this country are awarded to women, and only about half of those women are American; of all the physics professors in the United States, only 14 percent are women. The numbers of black and Hispanic scientists are even lower; in a typical year, 13 African-Americans and 20 Latinos of either sex receive Ph.D.’s in physics. The reasons for those shortages are hardly mysterious — many minority students attend secondary schools that leave them too far behind to catch up in science, and the effects of prejudice at every stage of their education are well documented. But what could still be keeping women out of the STEM fields (“STEM” being the current shorthand for “science, technology, engineering and mathematics”), which offer so much in the way of job prospects, prestige, intellectual stimulation and income?这项新研究为女性在科学界长久以来一直受到的偏见提供了强有力的证据。在美国，仅仅五分之一的物理学博士学位授予女性，而其中只有一半是美国人。全美所有的物理教授中，女性仅占14%。黑人与拉丁裔就更少了。基本上一年里，只有13名非裔和20名拉丁裔美国人——男女都包括——取得物理学博士学位。这其实一点不难理解：很多少数人种上高中时就