国培教师讲座内容2.ppt

* The historical development of the English language 1 Modern English, 16th Century onward 2 Middle English, 1100-1500 3 Old English, 449-11th Century 4 Ancient Latin/Greek 5 Phoenician, 3000 BC 6 Egyptian pictograph/ hieroglyph,4000BC The philosophical influences on both English and Chinese Aristotle: rationality Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: Sensibility English VS. Chinese: Ten Pairs of Features 1. Synthetic VS Analytic A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of infected forms. (1) Inflectional VS. Non-inflectional (2) Word Order: Flexible VS Inflexible (3) The Use of Function Words: English and Chinese Make Use of Different Types of Function Words. She was with a child. She was with child. They are students of our school. They are the students of our school. I have lived here for more than a year. I have lived here for more than one year. Please take a chair. He took the chair today. He took the chair of the committee. 2. Rigid VS Supple 3. Hypotactic VS. Paratactic Hypotaxis is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives. Parataxis is the arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them. We will not attack unless we are attacked. I have made proposals, but they proved futile. Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved. If he won’t come here, I’ll not go there. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool. Let everybody share the food if there is any. Until all is over, ambition never dies. He who does not advance falls backward./Move forward, or you’ll fall behind. Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. 4. Complex VS. Simple In the doorway l