国际商业文化PPTChapter 2.ppt

Hofstede’s culture dimension theory Hofstede developed his original model as a result of using factor analysis to examine the results of a world-wide survey of employee values by IBM in the 1960s and 1970s. The original theory proposed four dimensions : individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance and masculinity-femininity Independent research in Hong Kong led Hofstede to add a fifth dimension, long-term orientation, to cover aspects of values not discussed in the original model. In the 2010 edition of Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind [1] Hofstede added a sixth dimension, indulgence versus self-restraint, as a result of co-author Michael Minkovs analysis of data from the World Values Survey. Implications Recruiting: What defines “a good candidate”? In individualistic societies: people who are outspoken and express strong opinions. In collectivist societies: people who are relatively modest and who demonstrate they are “well-connected” In masculine societies: people who express self-confidence and a “can-do” attitude. In a feminine society: people who avoid “standing out” and who ask intelligent questions without appearing too critical Implications Training In a high power distance society: Learn happens centered on the instructor. Pupils tend to participate less in debate, avoid challenging the instructor, and expect the instructor to tell them how to do things In a low power distance society: Learning experiences should be more interactive and learner-centric, with stimulating debates and case studies. Implications Reward Masculine societies: Cash-oriented approach of individual performance-related bonuses Feminine societies: Greater responsibility, larger span of control, wider territories Next week’s presentation questions 1. Find two other culture dimension theories and give a brief introduction 2. As a trainee and an college undergraduate, How to apply Hofstede’s culture dimension theory to increase your competitiv