国际商务-跨国公司管理(中英).doc

国际商务-跨国公司管理 BY：广外GDUFS 教材：国际商务（第版）（工商管理经典译丛·国际化管理系列）（美）希尔　著，周健临　等译What is globalization?p4什么是全球化 Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy, including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. The globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. 市场全球化是指把历史上独特的和分离的国家市场合并为一个巨大的全球市场。 he sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take the advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, and capital). p5 生产全球化指的是从全球各地区筹供商品和服务，以利用各国在生产要素（如劳动力、能源、土地和资本）上的成本和质量差异。 Increased market integration through Freer trade in goods and services Freer movement of firms, capital and labour More rapid diffusion（spread) of technology Integration between countries which differ Factor endowments and factor prices Productivity and technology Political and market systems Stronger distributional effects between Skilled and unskilled labour Capital and labour Regions and countries 2、The emergence of global institutions.p6全球机构的出现 Institutions： help manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace promote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)关税及贸易总协定 The World Trade Organization (like its predecessor GATT) 世界贸易组织 polices the world trading system makes sure that nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties promotes lower barriers to trade and investment The International Monetary Fund（IMF） (1944) 国际货币基金组织 maintains order in the international monetary system The World Bank (1944) 世界银行 promotes economic development The United Nations (1945)联合国 maintains international peace and security develops friendly relations among nations cooperates in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights is a center for harmonizing the actio