国际商务 The Organization of International Business.ppt

Learning Objectives Understand what is meant by organization architecture. Be familiar with the different organizational choices that can be made in an international business. Explain how organization can be matched to strategy to improve the performance of an international business. Case- Nestlé Summary of Key Facts (Opening Case) For years Nestlé operated with a highly decentralized organization. But made changes with falling trade barriers and aggressive competitors. Moved toward the creation of global business units and realized cost economies by centralizing key functions. At same time, marketing and sales remain decentralized. Example: its water business and nutrition business. Implications of the case What Nestlé is trying to do through these changes is to establish the right fit between strategy, architecture, and environment by reconfiguring its organization and operations to match new competitive realities. Introduction p287 This chapter is concerned with identifying the organization architecture that international businesses use to manage and direct their global operations. 1. Organizational Architecture p288 Organizational architecture refers to the totality of a firm’s organization, including formal organization structure, control systems and incentives, processes, organizational culture, and people. Organizational Architecture p288 1. Organizational Architecture p288 To be the most profitable, firms need to be sure: the different elements of the organizational architecture are internally consistent; the organizational architecture matches or fits the strategy of the firm; the strategy and architecture of the firm are consistent with each other, and consistent with competitive conditions. 1. Organizational Architecture p288 Organizational structure refers to: the formal division of the organization into subunits; the location of decision-making responsibilities within that structure (centralized versus decentralized); the establishmen