国际经济学(双语)-第3章.ppt

Modern Trade Theories International Economics Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Modern Trade Thoeries 3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade 3.2 Technological gap, Product life Cycle and International Trade 3.3 Theory of Overlapping Demands 3.4 Economies of Scale, Imperfect competition, and International Trade 3.5 Reciprocal Dumping 3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade Advanced industrial countries have increasingly emphasized intraindustry trade —two-way trade in a similar commodity. Intraindustry trade involves flows of goods with similar factor requirements. countries that are net exporters of manufactured goods embodying sophisticated technology also purchase such goods from other countries. 3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade Intraindustry Trade in the U.S., 2002 ( in Billion of Dollars) Category Exports Imports Motor Vehicles 60.39 168.1 Electrical machinery 82.7 81.2 Office machines 39.7 76.9 Telecommunications equipment 24.9 66.3 Power-generating equipment 34.4 34.0 Industrial machinery 31.8 35.2 Scientific instruments 29.2 20.9 Transportation equipment 46.1 20.2 Chemicals 16.8 30.2 Apparel and clothing 8.0 63.8 3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade Reasons for Intraindustry Trade Transportation costs Seasonal Manufacturers in each country produce for the “majority” consumer tastes within their country while ignoring “minority” consumer tastes Overlapping demand segments in trading countries Economies of scale Chapter 3 Modern Trade Thoeries 3.1 Existence of Intraindustry Trade 3.2 Technological gap, Product life Cycle and International Trade 3.3 Theory of Overlapping Demands 3.4 Economies of Scale, Imperfect competition, and International Trade 3.5 Reciprocal Dumping 3.2 Technological Gap, Product Life Cycle and International Trade Technological gap is a cause of international trade and determines the flow of international trade. 3.2 Technological Gap, Product Life Cycle and International Trade T0-T1: the stage of demand lag the time lag from the invention