国际经济学25.ppt

Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Introduction If trade is so good for economy, why is there such opposition? There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income within a country: Resources cannot move immediately or cost lessly from one industry to another. Industries differ in the factors of production they demand. The specific factors model allows trade to affect income distribution. Assumptions of the Model Two goods, cloth and food. Three factors of production; labor (L), capital (K) and land (T for terrain). Perfect Competition prevails in all markets. Cloth produced using capital and labor (but not land) Food produced using land and labor (but not capital) Labor is a mobile factor that can move between sectors Land and capital are both specific factors used only in the production of one good The Specific Factors Model How much of each good does the economy produce? The economy’s output of cloth depends on how much capital and labor are used in that sector. The production function for cloth gives the quantity of cloth that can be produced given any input of capital and labor: QC = QC (K, LC) (4-1) where: QC is the economy’s output of cloth K is the economy’s capital stock LC is the labor force employed in cloth The Specific Factors Model The production function for food gives the quantity of food that can be produced given any input of land and labor: QF = QF (T, LF) (4-2) where: QF is the economy’s output of food T is the economy’s supply of land LF is the labor force employed in food The Specific Factors Model To analyze the economy’s production possibilities, we need only to ask how the economy’s mix of output changes as labor is shifted from one sector to the other. When labor moves from food to cloth, food production falls while output of cloth rises. Figure 4-1 illustrates the production function for cloth. The Specific Factors Model: Productio