国际贸易理论01.ppt

5. Geographical composition of international trade The share of nations, regions or economies in international trade. The major markets for all regions exports are in Europe, Asia and North America. The largest world exporter in 2008 was Germany, followed by China, United States, Japan, Netherlands, France, and so forth. (2009: China, Germany, United States, Japan, Netherlands, France …) In 2007: at regional (continental) level the share of Asia in China’s exports was the largest one followed by North America and Europe. (see Figure 1-1) 6. Degree of dependence on foreign trade The ratio of exports and imports of goods to GDP. Indicate the openness of an economy. But results should not be interpreted as a trade policy indicator. An increase in the value of trade may not be a consequence of trade liberalization. Increase of export price (e.g. oil) Increase of import price depresses domestic economic activity Exchange rate fluctuations In general, the ratio has been increasing. In recent years, the ratio has been above 60%. Opinion 1: Too high, potential risks. Opinion 2: The ratio should be understood correctly. High proportion of processing trade, which accounts for high imports being associated with high exports. The Chinese expansion is still dominantly driven by manufacturing, and the tertiary sector still accounts for only one-third of GDP. Chinas GDP has probably to some extent been devalued because of statistics reasons. Making the trade share of GDP appear to be higher than it actually is. Processing with supplied material; supplied parts; supplied sample. * * * * * 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 湖北经济学院经贸学院 Introduction * * 1. Analyze the causes of and gains from international trade； 2. Analyze the effects of international trade policies； Course Outline III. Devices 1. Textbook 2. Other textbooks for reference 3. Grading system: