圆明园全英介绍.pptx

;The Location of Old Summer Palace;The Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of garden and building architectures and other works of art (a popular name in China was the Garden of Gardens,?simplified Chinese:?万园之园;traditional Chinese:?萬園之園;?pinyin:?wàn yuán zhī yuán). ;The Imperial Gardens at the Old Summer Palace were made up of three gardens: Garden of Perfect Brightness proper (simplified Chinese:?圆明园;?traditional Chinese:?圓明園;?pinyin:?Yuánmíng Yuán) Garden of Eternal Spring (simplified Chinese:?长春园;?traditional Chinese:?長春園;?pinyin:?Chángchūn Yuán) Elegant Spring Garden (simplified Chinese:?绮春园;?traditional Chinese:?綺春園;?pinyin:?Qǐchūn Yuán); Initial construction of the Old Summer Palace began in 1707 during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor . It was intended as a gift for the emperors fourth son, Prince Yong (the future?Yongzheng Emperor), who would greatly expand the Imperial Gardens in 1725. The Yongzheng Emperor also introduced the waterworks of the gardens, creating lakes, streams and ponds to complement the rolling hills and grounds, and named 28 scenic spots within the garden.; During the?Qianlong Emperor’s reign, the second expansion was well underway and the number of scenic spots increased to 50 (the emperor personally directed the construction process). The splendors of the palace and the grounds were depicted in the?Forty Views of the Yuanmingyuan, an album produced in 1744 by the Qianlong Emperors court painters. ; The last European appearance in the Old Summer Palace in the context of traditional Chinese imperial foreign relations, was a?diplomatic mission in 1795 representing the interests of the Dutch and?Dutch East India Company. The Titsingh delegation included?Isaac Titsingh,the Dutch-American?Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest,and the Frenchman?Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes.Both published complementary accounts of the mission. Titsingh died before he could publish his version of the events;Looting of the Old Summ