基础英语4 Lesson 1 Thinking as a Hobby.ppt

The characteristics of the three grades of thinking Grade-three Grade-two Grade-one characteristics examples Ignorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictions Mr. Houghton, Ruth, nine tens of people Detecting contradictions; do not stampede easily; lag behind, a withdrawal, destroy but not create the author, (maybe) some acquaintances To find out what is truth, based on a logical moral system far and few between, only in books thinking Are there many grade-one thinkers according to the author? But these grade-one thinkers were few and far between. They did not visit my grammar school in the flesh. (30) Few and far between: very few More idiomatic pairs of adjectives like this: Safe and sound Dead and gone Cut and dried Black and blue Short and sweet 安然无恙 久已离世的；被人遗忘的 老生常谈；已成定局的； 遍体鳞伤的； 简洁明了 In the flesh: as actual people Grammar school In Britain, it refers to a school for children over 11 who are academically bright. Today, there are few grammar schools. Most secondary schools are called “comprehensive” and take in all children over 11 whatever their abilities. In the US, a grammar school used to mean an elementary school, but it is now considered old-fashioned. I was irreverent at the best of times. political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions, they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Para. 31) The author compares political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions to rotten apples which stink and are completely useless. in view of the background against which this essay is written, it is not too difficult to guess what specific systems, customs, loyalties and traditions he is referring to. I came up in the end with what must always remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living. It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. (Para. 31) paraphrase According to the author, grade-one thinking must be based on a coherent and logica