外贸英语函电 unit eight.ppt

Unit Eight Transportation Modes of Transportation Road Transport Rail Transport Air Transport Sea Transport Road Transport Advantages: 1. cheaper 2. more direct (door to door) Disadvantages: 1. slower 2. smaller loading capacity 3. limited to land Rail Transport Advantages: 1. faster 2. greater loading capacity Disadvantages: 1. more expensive 2. less direct Air Transport Advantages: 1. fastest (over long distance) 2. time saving Disadvantages: 1. most expensive 2. loading capacity limited 3. unsuitable for inexpensive goods Sea/Ocean Transport Advantages: 1. cheapest 2. greatest loading capacity Disadvantages: 1. slowest 2. unsuitable for urgently needed goods Ocean Transportation Two mostly used types of vessels Tramp 不定期货船-- Liner 班轮 -- Ocean bill of lading It is an essential document in making a shipment. It is a receipt of the goods. It is a contract for the transportation service. It serves as an evidence of ownership of the goods described. It can be negotiable instruments (可流通，转让票据) and used as security for loans and other purposes. Airway bill It is used if goods are sent by air. It is a receipt of the goods. It is a contract for the transportation service. But it is not the evidence of ownership. It can not be negotiable and transferred. Container transportation Advantages: Container can be loaded and locked safely, making pilferage impossible. No risks of goods getting lost or mislaid in transit. Manpower is greatly reduced, with lower costs and less risk of damage. Time-saving, efficient Temperature-controlled container can be used for special goods. Letters about shipment Urge an early shi